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Meaning of UR OF THE CHALDEES

Abraham's hometown (Gen. 11:28, 31; 15:7; Neh. 9:7), located in Sumer, a country later called Babylon, which would eventually be dominated by the Chaldeans, currently called Tell al Muqayyar (Ar.: "hill of bitumen"), in Lower Babylon, on the western bank of the Euphrates.



Abraham's hometown (Gen. 11:28, 31; 15:7; Neh. 9:7), located in Sumer, a country later called Babylon, which would eventually be dominated by the Chaldeans, currently called Tell al Muqayyar (Ar.: "hill of bitumen"), in Lower Babylon, on the western bank of the Euphrates.

To the northeast, not far away, was Uruk, and to the southwest was Eridu. In 1854 excavations began, directed by J. E. Taylor, who was the first to identify those ruins as Ur.

Sponsored by the British Museum, research was resumed in 1918 by H. R. Hall. Sir Leonard Woolley continued the explorations from 1922 until 1934, leading a joint expedition by the British Museum and the Philadelphia University Museum.

When Abraham left it (Gen. 11:28; Acts 7:2) it was a large and prosperous city, a great commercial center and seaport on the Persian Gulf.

Since then, deposition of materials in the gulf has advanced the coastline, leaving Ur situated far inland.

The famous royal tombs (from around 2500 BC) contained admirable treasures of goldsmithing and jewelry, weapons elaborately decorated with precious stones, harps with various ornamentations of precious metals.

The headdress that adorned the head of Queen Shubad is particularly famous. Other finds were more gloomy: the remains of many servants and servants in an attitude of service, who had been ritually murdered so that they would accompany their masters to the other world, among them nine ladies of the court, soldiers of the guard, servants, musicians, etc

This gives an indication of the sad state in which the idolatrous world of Ur was plunged, and which Abraham was called to abandon. Ur has become one of the best-known places in the southern part of Babylon.

Woolley gives a detailed description of the cult of Nannar, the patron moon god of the city, and of Ningal ("Abraham", 1949; "Ur of the Chaldees", 1952).

The excavations have also documented the high level of culture in that civilization, in the time of Abraham, with a very complex socio-religious structure, developed writing, and advanced mathematics; In addition to multiplication and division tables, exercises on square and cubic roots and practical geometry were found.

Based on the chronology of the Masoretic text, Abraham's life took place, at least in part, in the time of the New Sumero-Akkadian Empire of Ur-Nammu, the founder of the powerful III dynasty of Ur (around 2070-1960 BC). ).

These famous kings assumed the new title of "Kings of Sumer and Akkad."

The most considerable work of Ur-Nammu was the erection of the great ziggurat of Ur which Abraham surely knew, as did Joseph later the pyramids of Egypt. This ziggurat is the best preserved example of this type of architecture from early Babylon.

In the light of these discoveries we can better understand what it meant for Abraham to leave such a sophisticated and luxurious civilization, with its security and material means, to launch himself, humanly speaking, into adventure, to take the step of faith following the call of God, who separated him from that religiously and morally depraved place, to make him the repository of His revelation and the promises of redemption.



The new heavens and new earth are perfect because everyone and everything is glorifying God fully and therefore enjoying him forever.

DAILY DEVOTIONAL

A Glimpse into the Future of Eternal Praise

Timothy Keller
Every possible experience, if prayed to the God who is really there, is destined to end in praise. Confession leads to the joy of forgiveness. Laments lead to a deeper resting in him for our happiness. If we could praise God perfectly, we would love him completely and then our joy would be full.
Gospel joy, knowing how honored and loved we are in Christ (verse 5), makes us ready for this mission.

DAILY DEVOTIONAL

Poetry of Praise and Redemptive Mission

Timothy Keller
The praise of the redeemed. His people praise him because he has made them his people and because he honors and delights in them —though they don’t deserve it. Gospel joy, knowing how honored and loved we are in Christ, makes us ready for this mission.
Praise unites us also with one another. Here is “the only potential bond between the extremes of mankind: joyful preoccupation with God.” Praise the Lord!

DAILY DEVOTIONAL

The Praise that Unites All

Timothy Keller
Praise Those Unites. We see extremes brought together in praise: wild animals and kings, old and young. Young men and maids, old men and babes. How can humans be brought into the music? He has raised up for his people a horn, a strong deliverer.
All of nature sings God’s glory; we alone are out of tune. The question is this: How can we be brought back into the great music?

DAILY DEVOTIONAL

Praise Resounds Throughout Creation

Timothy Keller
The Praise Of Creation. Praise comes to God from all he has made. It begins in the highest heaven (verses 1–4). It comes from the sun and moon and stars (verse 3), from the clouds and rain (verse 4).
Christians are saved by faith, not by obeying the law, but the law shows us how to please, love, and resemble the one who saved us by grace.

DAILY DEVOTIONAL

True Worship that Pleases the Lord

Timothy Keller
A little boy left his toys out and went in to practice the piano, using hymns for his lesson. When his mother called him to pick up his toys, he said, “I ca n’t eat; “I’m singing praise to Jesus.” His mother responded: “There's no use singing God's praises when you're being disobedient.”
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