CARBUNCLE
(a) (Heb. “bareketh” = “bright as lightning”). (Ez. 28:13).
It was the first stone of the second row of the high priest’s breastplate (Ex. 28:18-19). The LXX, the Vulgate and Josephus do not translate carbuncle, but emerald.
(b) (Heb. «’hekdah» = «spark» (Is. 54:12).
Luminous stone that has the appearance of a burning coal. It is translated as “anthrax” in the LXX, and in Latin, “carbunculus.”
According to the naturalist and mineralogist Dana, Pliny gave the name carbuncle to three different stones: the garnet, the ruby, and the emerald.